A look at SF Piers
KQED BayCuriousNewsletter – Peer into SF Piers-
Repost by KKMI Team | Feb 27, 2023 | Did you know, Knews
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January 04, 2023
Let’s peer into the history of SF’s piers, shall we?
A view of the Ferry Building in 1886. The Port of San Francisco has been central to city life for more than a century. (San Francisco Public Library. Behrmans collection)
This question came to us from a listener named Danika: “Why don’t the piers in San Francisco go in chronological order and why are so many missing?” We decided to do a little digging.
One of the not-too-secret dirty little secrets of the Bay Area waterfronts is that all of that firm dirt and land you might find yourself standing on is actually not so firm. In the late-1800s and early-1900s much of the marshland and wetlands around the Bay were drained or filled in to create the geography we see today. (You can see a full map of artificial fill and reclaimed wetlands here.)
A key piece of land that had to be filled in? The Port of San Francisco.
Back in the 1800s, there was little organization along San Francisco’s waterfront. People and companies erected private piers ad hoc, with no oversight, and they often collapsed into the marsh below. “There was no way to build a pier to the shoreline,” said Michael Corbett, author of Port City: The History and Transformation of the Port of San Francisco. As the major shipping port along the West Coast, San Francisco was a vital stop, and the issue had to be fixed. So in 1863, the state legislature created the Board of State Harbor Commissioners to take over the chaos and administer the entire San Francisco port: shoreline, piers, and what is now the Embarcadero. The board developed a uniform plan and one of the first pieces of that plan was to build a new seawall.
“What the seawall did was expand the land of San Francisco,” said Corbett. From Pier 45 (where Musée Mécanique is today) all the way down to China Basin, the seawall created a new shoreline, adding more than 500 acres of new land. The next step then was to build along the waterfront, what’s called the bulkhead wharf, and the piers jutting out from there into the water.
This modern diagram offers a below ground view of San Francisco’s Embarcadero. (Courtesy of the Port of San Francisco.)
The Ferry Building was established as the center. To the north, piers got odd numbers and buildings were designed in a Neoclassical style. Piers to the south got even numbers and featured Mediterranean-inspired architecture. Local ferries came into the Ferry Building (and in the early 1900s, more than 8,500 streetcars turned around in front of it every week). Then, the order extended out so that the farther away the pier the farther away the ship’s origin or destination. Nearly every pier number was built and existed at one point, said Corbett, but they didn’t all survive.
This 1932 photo shows just how many piers once stood south of the Ferry Building. Many were destroyed over the years, by fire or other accidents, and were never rebuilt. At one point there was a pier for nearly every number – whereas today many are missing. (Courtesy of the Port of San Francisco, in the San Francisco Public Library collections.)
Fires took out more than a few piers. Marine worms were also a known scourge of wooden ships and buildings—and they were worse in San Francisco than in other cities. (This is why, when the piers were rebuilt in the early 1900s, they were built with concrete.) And then there were common accidents in the high-traffic port, like boats hitting the dock.
“Piers had to be rebuilt all of the time,” said Corbett. It wasn’t until the 1950s, after the peak of traffic during World War II, that the Port stopped rebuilding piers as they were destroyed. The majority of cargo and shipping had shifted to the Port of Oakland, where there was more room for new larger container ships and easier rail access.
Today, the Embarcadero Historic District is on the National Register of Historic Places. And the Port of San Francisco is charged with historical preservation, promoting recreation and access to the public, and managing the long-term leases to keep it all viable.
Want to learn more? Check out this guide to the numbered piers, or learn about the next threat to the historic port, seismic retrofitting and sea level rise.
— Kelly O’Mara
San Francisco Bay is home to several iconic piers, each with its unique attractions and charm. While popularity can vary depending on individual preferences and interests, some of the most well-known and popular piers on San Francisco Bay include:
Pier 39: Pier 39 is one of the most famous piers in San Francisco, known for its vibrant atmosphere, shops, restaurants, and entertainment options. It offers stunning views of the Bay, the Golden Gate Bridge, and Alcatraz Island. Visitors can also enjoy the resident sea lions that often gather on the docks. Pier 39 is one of San Francisco's most popular tourist destinations, located along the city's northern waterfront in the Fisherman's Wharf district. It is renowned for its lively atmosphere, diverse attractions, and stunning views of the San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz Island, and the Golden Gate Bridge. Here's more information about Pier 39:
1. Attractions:
Sea Lions: One of the main attractions of Pier 39 is the large colony of sea lions that inhabit the docks. Visitors can watch these playful marine mammals basking in the sun and interacting with each other, creating a unique and entertaining spectacle.
Aquarium of the Bay: This popular attraction at Pier 39 offers a chance to explore the marine life of San Francisco Bay. Visitors can see a variety of local aquatic species, including sharks, jellyfish, and colorful fish, in a series of fascinating exhibits.
Magowan's Infinite Mirror Maze: A psychedelic experience awaits at this mirror maze, where visitors navigate through a maze of mirrors and lights, creating an illusion of infinite hallways and corridors.
Carousel: Pier 39 features a classic carousel adorned with hand-painted animals, providing a delightful ride for children and families.
Rides and Games: The pier offers various rides and arcade games, providing entertainment for visitors of all ages.
2. Shopping and Dining:
Shops: Pier 39 boasts a wide array of shops offering souvenirs, clothing, jewelry, and unique San Francisco-themed items. Visitors can find everything from trendy fashion to local artisan crafts.
Restaurants: The pier is home to numerous restaurants serving fresh seafood, international cuisine, and delectable desserts. Many eateries offer outdoor seating with panoramic views of the Bay.
3. Entertainment:
Live Entertainment: Visitors can enjoy live music performances, street performers, and other entertainment acts throughout the pier, adding to the vibrant atmosphere.
4. Events and Festivals:
Seasonal Events: Pier 39 hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including holiday celebrations, art shows, and outdoor concerts. These events add to the festive ambiance of the pier.
5. Scenic Views:
Bay Views: Pier 39 offers some of the most breathtaking views of San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate Bridge and Alcatraz Island prominently visible from several vantage points.
6. Accessibility:
Location: Situated in the heart of Fisherman's Wharf, Pier 39 is easily accessible by public transportation, including cable cars and buses. It is also a popular stop for tourists exploring the city.
Overall, Pier 39 is a dynamic destination that combines entertainment, shopping, dining, and scenic beauty, making it a must-visit location for tourists and a beloved spot for locals looking to experience the lively spirit of San Francisco's waterfront.
Pier 41: Located near Fisherman's Wharf, Pier 41 is a transportation hub where visitors can catch ferries to Alcatraz Island and Angel Island. It also offers shopping, dining, and scenic views of the Bay. Pier 41 is a significant pier located in San Francisco, California, in the Fisherman's Wharf area. While it may not be as well-known as Pier 39, it serves as a crucial transportation hub and offers several attractions and services:
1. Transportation Hub:
Ferry Terminal: Pier 41 serves as a ferry terminal, providing transportation services to popular destinations such as Alcatraz Island and Angel Island. Several ferry companies operate from this terminal, offering scenic rides across the San Francisco Bay.
2. Alcatraz Island Tours:
Gateway to Alcatraz: Pier 41 is one of the primary departure points for tours to Alcatraz Island, the infamous former federal prison. Tourists can take ferries from Pier 41 to explore the island, learn about its history, and visit the historic prison.
3. Restaurants and Shops:
Dining Options: Pier 41 features a selection of restaurants and eateries where visitors can enjoy fresh seafood and other cuisines. Some establishments offer outdoor seating with views of the Bay, providing a pleasant dining experience.
Shops: The pier also has shops where visitors can purchase souvenirs, gifts, and memorabilia related to San Francisco and its iconic attractions.
4. Aquarium of the Bay:
Accessibility: While the Aquarium of the Bay is located at Pier 39, it is easily accessible from Pier 41. Visitors can enjoy a short walk along the waterfront to reach this popular attraction, where they can explore marine life indigenous to the San Francisco Bay area.
5. Nearby Attractions:
Fisherman's Wharf: Pier 41 is situated within the bustling Fisherman's Wharf district, making it convenient for visitors to explore nearby attractions, restaurants, shops, and entertainment venues.
Ghirardelli Square: Located within walking distance from Pier 41, Ghirardelli Square is a historic chocolate factory turned shopping and dining complex. It's a popular spot for indulging in sweet treats and enjoying waterfront views.
6. Scenic Views:
Bay Views: Pier 41 offers scenic views of the San Francisco Bay, including the Bay Bridge, Alcatraz Island, and the city skyline. Visitors can enjoy the picturesque surroundings while waiting for their ferry or exploring the area.
Pier 41's strategic location as a transportation hub, coupled with its proximity to key attractions and dining options, makes it a convenient and vibrant destination for both tourists and locals. Whether visitors are embarking on a ferry adventure to Alcatraz Island or simply enjoying the ambiance of Fisherman's Wharf, Pier 41 serves as a gateway to many memorable experiences in San Francisco.
Pier 1: Pier 1 is a historic pier that has been revitalized and transformed into a public space with parks, restaurants, and recreational areas. It offers beautiful views of the Bay Bridge and is a great spot for leisurely walks. Pier 1 is a historic pier located along San Francisco's scenic waterfront in the Embarcadero district. It has been revitalized and transformed into a public space, offering a blend of history, art, and recreation for both locals and visitors. Here's more information about Pier 1:
1. Public Space and Parks:
Pier 1 Plaza: Pier 1 features an expansive public plaza with seating areas, sculptures, and green spaces. It provides a relaxing environment where people can enjoy beautiful views of the San Francisco Bay, the Bay Bridge, and the surrounding skyline.
Exploratorium Outdoor Gallery: The Exploratorium, a renowned science museum located nearby, has an outdoor gallery space at Pier 1. The gallery often hosts interactive exhibits and art installations, enhancing the pier's cultural and educational appeal.
2. Art Installations:
"Cupid’s Span": One of the notable art installations near Pier 1 is "Cupid’s Span," a large sculpture of a bow and arrow created by artists Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen. It has become an iconic symbol of the Embarcadero waterfront.
3. History and Restoration:
Historic Significance: Pier 1 is part of San Francisco's historic waterfront, reflecting the city's maritime heritage. The pier has undergone restoration efforts to preserve its historical significance while incorporating modern amenities.
Sustainability: The restoration of Pier 1 focused on sustainable design and environmental conservation. It features eco-friendly elements and green spaces that contribute to the overall well-being of the community.
4. Events and Activities:
Public Events: Pier 1 often hosts public events, including outdoor concerts, festivals, art shows, and cultural celebrations. These events bring the community together and create a vibrant atmosphere at the pier.
Recreational Activities: Visitors can engage in recreational activities such as walking, jogging, and picnicking in the open spaces provided at Pier 1. The pier's layout encourages outdoor enjoyment and social interaction.
5. Accessibility:
Embarcadero Promenade: Pier 1 is conveniently located along the Embarcadero Promenade, a popular waterfront pedestrian path. It allows easy access for pedestrians and cyclists, making it a popular stop for those exploring the waterfront area.
Public Transportation: The pier is accessible via various forms of public transportation, including buses, trolleys, and light rail, making it convenient for visitors to reach the location.
Pier 1 exemplifies the transformation of historic piers into vibrant public spaces that celebrate the city's culture, art, and natural beauty. Its picturesque setting, combined with its cultural and recreational offerings, makes it a welcoming destination for individuals seeking a leisurely day by the bay. Whether enjoying the artwork, participating in community events, or simply taking in the views, Pier 1 provides an enriching experience for all who visit.
Pier 7: Pier 7 is popular among photographers and anglers. It is known for its classic Victorian architecture and offers stunning views of the Bay and the city skyline, making it a favorite spot for capturing the beauty of San Francisco. Pier 7 is a picturesque and historic pier located along San Francisco's scenic waterfront. It's known for its unique architectural features, serene ambiance, and stunning views of the San Francisco Bay, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists. Here's more information about Pier 7:
1. Victorian Architecture:
Historical Significance: Pier 7 is renowned for its elegant Victorian design, featuring ornate cast iron railings, decorative lamps, and wooden benches. The pier's architecture pays homage to San Francisco's rich maritime history.
2. Scenic Views:
San Francisco Bay: Pier 7 offers panoramic views of the San Francisco Bay, including iconic landmarks such as the Bay Bridge, Treasure Island, Alcatraz Island, and the city skyline. It's a popular spot for photographers and visitors seeking breathtaking vistas of the Bay Area.
3. Fishing and Leisure:
Fishing: Pier 7 is a designated fishing pier where anglers can be seen casting lines into the bay waters. It's a favorite spot for both recreational and sport fishing, attracting enthusiasts hoping to catch a variety of fish species found in the bay.
Leisure Activities: The pier's tranquil atmosphere makes it an excellent location for leisurely strolls, picnics, or simply enjoying the serene surroundings. Visitors can often be seen sitting on the benches, reading books, or simply unwinding while taking in the scenic beauty.
4. Romantic Destination:
Evening Strolls: The pier is particularly romantic in the evening when the city lights reflect on the water. Couples often take romantic walks along the pier, enjoying the gentle sea breeze and the romantic ambiance created by the shimmering city lights.
5. Accessibility:
Pedestrian Access: Pier 7 is accessible via the Embarcadero Promenade, a pedestrian pathway that runs along San Francisco's waterfront. Its location makes it easily reachable for tourists exploring the Embarcadero area.
Public Transportation: The pier is well-connected to public transportation, including buses, streetcars, and light rail, making it convenient for visitors relying on public transit to reach the location.
6. Photography Hub:
Photographic Opportunities: Due to its scenic beauty and architectural charm, Pier 7 is a favored location for photographers. It offers unique angles for capturing San Francisco's iconic landmarks, especially during sunrise and sunset.
Pier 7 stands as a testament to San Francisco's commitment to preserving its maritime heritage while providing residents and visitors with a serene escape from the bustling city life. Whether for fishing, leisure, or photography, this historic pier offers a tranquil retreat and stunning views, making it a hidden gem along the city's waterfront.
Pier 24 Photography: Pier 24 Photography is a unique space dedicated to photography exhibitions. It is one of the largest photography-only exhibition spaces in the world and attracts art enthusiasts and photographers from around the globe.
Pier 3: Pier 3 is a historic pier that has been transformed into a modern office space. It offers scenic views of the Bay and is part of the Embarcadero waterfront area, making it a pleasant location for a leisurely stroll.
Pier 24 ½: Pier 24 ½ is home to the Red and White Fleet, a popular tour company offering sightseeing cruises around San Francisco Bay. The pier provides access to exciting boat tours, including trips under the Golden Gate Bridge and around Alcatraz Island.
Pier 26: Pier 26 is part of the San Francisco waterfront and serves as a venue for various events, including food festivals, art fairs, and outdoor concerts. It offers a lively atmosphere and beautiful views of the Bay Bridge.
While these piers are some of the most popular, San Francisco Bay has numerous other piers, each with its unique character and offerings. Visitors and locals often explore these piers to experience the rich culture, history, and scenic beauty that San Francisco Bay has to offer.